In 2006, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) came into existence. Early warning was a major component to be taken up by IMD under that project. Post Odisha Super Cyclone disaster in 1999, the Government of India undertook National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project with the help of World Bank in 2005. The detailed standard operation procedure for monitoring, forecasting and early warning services is presented in Fig.1. This system has resulted in reducing time of analysis, improving timeliness of the warning and visibility of warning products leading to reduction in loss of lives as the outcome. The decision support system installed in this forecasting system can analyse all synoptic, satellite and NWP model products for genesis, intensity & track monitoring and prediction of severe weather events, prepare forecasts upto five days, depict uncertainty/confidence in forecasts. IMD utilises weather analysis and forecasting system in a digital environment to plot and analyse different weather parameters from observational instruments including Automated Weather Stations(AWS), Automated Rain Gauges(ARG), High Wind Speed Recorders(HWSR), GPS based upper air observation system, meteorological buoys & ships, satellites based observations, Doppler Weather Radars and an array of short and medium range global & regional numerical weather prediction (NWP) models (including Global Forecast System (GFS), Hurricane Weather Research & Forecast (HWRF), Statistical Dynamical Model for cyclone genesis & intensity prediction, Multi Model Ensemble, Ensemble Prediction System (EPS), other global & regional models (including European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF), United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), National Centers for Environment Prediction (NCEP)) under bilateral arrangement. In addition to providing advisories to national and state level disaster management agencies, IMD also acts as Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre (RSMC) for issue of advisories to World Meteorological Organisation-Economic and Social Commission for Asia & the Pacific (WMO-ESCAP) Panel member countries in the region including Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Sultanate of Oman, Thailand, Yemen, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar in case of cyclones and storm surges and to south Asian countries in case of heavy rainfall, strong winds and Oceanic waves.
India Meteorological Department (IMD) is the nodal agency for monitoring, analysing, predicting and issuing advisories related to the severe weather developing over Indian region and the north Indian Ocean (NIO) including Bay of Bengal (BoB) and Arabian Sea (AS). The early warning component includes (i) skill in monitoring and prediction, (ii) effective warning products generation and dissemination, (iii) coordination with disaster response units, (iv) capacity building and (iv) public awareness & perception about the credibility of early warning of meteorological hazards issued by India Meteorological Department (IMD). The risk management of these hazards depends on several factors including (i) hazard & vulnerability analysis, (ii) preparedness & planning, (iii) early warning, (v) prevention and mitigation. Most of these hazards (about 80%) are hydro-meteorological in nature. India experiences various types of natural hazards including cyclones, depressions, heavy rainfall, thunderstorm/Squall/Hailstorm, floods, droughts, earthquake, landslides, heat wave, cold wave and tornadoes etc. Sources: UNESCO, Sutron Corp.Dr M Mohapatra, Director General of Meteorology, India Meteorological Department Each of the seven stations along the Oman and Arabian Seas streams data through the UNESCO sea level monitoring facility using a global telecommunication system.
“The new sea level stations and the national early warning system will serve to strengthen the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System by providing a much more complete coverage of the North Western Indian Ocean,”Īn important part of the project is regional information sharing. UNESCO pressed for the establishment of warning systems after a 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean killed thousands and left millions homeless in 11 countries. The monitoring stations are part of a larger plan to establish a National Multi-Hazard Early Warning System in Oman, including nine projects that will provide a clearer understanding of national risks, improve infrastructure and educate the community on disaster preparedness and risk reduction. The project represented a collaboration of Oman’s Directorate General of Meteorology and Air Navigation and UNESCO’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission. The installation of seven sea-level monitoring stations in 2013 means Oman will be better protected from tsunamis.
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